Preface
The Computer
Life (CPL) of the Domingo Brothers, Inc. publishers, USA welcomes articles in
different areas of computer science, information
engineering and its application in human social life from all over the
world. Contributions must be original and must not have been submitted for
publication elsewhere. The manuscript should be submitted to CPL via email for
peer reviewed. Make sure that your manuscript be not more than 20 pages of A4
size, one column, roughly equal to 3000-5000 words. These 20 pages should also
cover the graphs and tables presented.
Manuscripts
submitted to CPL are critically reviewed before they are published. The purpose
of the review is to assure readers that the papers have been found acceptable
by competent and independent professionals. The process often results in
desirable changes to the manuscripts.
Manuscript Outline
For
non-English speaking authors it is highly recommended to put their manuscripts
for English language editing before submission. Manuscripts with no enough
English standards will be rejected before scientific evaluation.
Manuscripts
prepared for CPL should be arranged in the following order: (1) Title and
name(s) of author(s). (2) Author and paper documentation at bottom of the same
page. (3) Abstract. (4) Keywords. (5) Introduction. To includes a literature
review. (6) Materials and methods/methodology. (7) Results. This section is
sometimes combined with the discussion. (8) Discussion. Sometimes a conclusion
section is included in the paper, which may be combined with the discussion
section. (9) Acknowledgement. (10) References.
Title and Name(s) Of Author(s)
The
title should represent the article's content and facilitate retrieval in indices
developed by secondary literature services. A good title (i) briefly identifies
the subject, (ii) indicates the purpose of the study, and (iii) gives important
and high-impact words early. A person usually decides to read an article based
on its title. Besides being descriptive, titles should be short. It is
recommended that titles not exceed 15 words, except in unusual circumstances. A
title containing fewer than 6 words probably should be expanded.
The
meaning and order of words in a title are also important. Do not start the
title with low-impact words such as "effect of" or "influence of".
Instead, concentrate on the subject and findings of the research. The title
must be useful in itself as a label. The terms in the title should be limited
to those words that give significant information about the article's content.
Many
readers peruse the titles in a table of contents to decide whether or not to
turn to a given abstract. The title must interest these readers. Highly
specific, narrow titles with words understandable only to specialists will be
passed over. Furthermore, literature searchers will ignore titles that are
incomprehensible to all but a few individuals.
Titles
should never contain abbreviations, chemical formulas, or proprietary names;
and authors should avoid using unusual or outdated terminology. For economy of
space, common names of chemical and crops should be used in titles. If a crop
or microorganism has no common name, then the scientific name (genus and
species) is used. A running title of 50 character and /or spaces should be
provided.
Abstract
A
person reading the abstract should be able to tell quickly the value of the
report and whether to read it further. In many cases, more people will read the
abstract than will read the entire report. Thus, the abstract has the dual
function of supplying information to those who will read the entire report and
to those who will not read the entire paper.
The
abstract should be a suitable literary adjunct to the printed paper. It should
be written after the paper is completed and should be consistent with
statements in the paper. To some extent, the abstract will repeat wording in
the paper, but because it is sometimes read immediately before the introduction
or other main sections, it should not be a tedious recapitulation. On the other
hand, the abstract must be completely self-explanatory and intelligible in
itself.
The
abstract also should call attention to new items, observations and numerical
data. Abstract should be informative. Expressions such as "is discussed"
and "is described" should rarely be included. Specific rather than
general statements must be used, especially in the methods and results sections
of the abstract.
The
abstract should not exceed 300 words for full-length papers and 100 words for
notes, and is not divided into paragraphs. It should not include bibliographic,
figure, or table references. Equations, formulas, obscure abbreviations and
acronyms are also inappropriate. The scientific names of plants, insects, etc.,
full chemical names and identification of soil, if the soil type is a factor in
interpreting the results, must be included in the abstract when the common
names are first mentioned.
Keywords
A
list of three to five keywords from the manuscript must be supplied. Keywords
should include the topic investigated and special techniques used. Keywords
should be informative without reference to the main text.
Introduction
The
article should begin by clearly identifying its subject. The author should
state the hypothesis or definition of the problem the research was designed to
solve. A reader is given orientation to the research being reported by brief
reference to previous concepts and research. References to literature should be
limited to information that is essential to the reader's orientation. Most
readers do not need long literature reviews, especially of old references, if
newer ones are available, or to be convinced of the importance of the research.
The purpose of the introduction is to supply sufficient background information
to allow the reader to understand and evaluate the results of the present study
without needing to refer to previous publications on the topic.
Introductions
should be short and include: (1) A brief statement of the problem that
justifies the work, or the hypothesis on which it is based. (2) The findings of
others that will be challenged or developed. (3) An explanation of the general
approaches and objectives. This part may indicate the means by which the
question was examined, especially if the methods are new.
Materials and Methods
CPL
will publish manuscripts which are based on experimental and survey data and
theoretical analyses, provided that acceptable results are obtained. The
purpose of this section is to give sufficient procedural details so that a
competent scientist can repeat the experiments.
For
materials, the authors should supply the appropriate technical specifications
and quantities and source of method of preparation. If a commercially available
product is used, the name and address of its manufacturer should be given
parenthetically after it is first mentioned. If necessary, the pertinent
chemical and physical properties of the reagents should be listed. Chemical
rather than trade names are preferred. Any plants, animals, other organisms and
soils not mentioned in the abstract should be identified accurately by genus,
species, cultivar, soil classification and special characteristics.
Methods
should be cited by a reference(s) if possible. If the techniques used are
widely familiar, write only their names. If a method is modified, an outline of
the modification should be given unless the modification is trivial. Give
details of unusual experimental designs or statistical methods. Field works in
agronomy and plant breeding should be based on, at least, two years data. This
section may be arranged chronologically, by a succession of techniques, or in
another manner. This section may include tables and figures.
Results
A
common fault in the results section is to repeat in prose what is already clear
from a cursory examination of the graphics. If the tables and figures are well
constructed, they will show both the results and the experimental design.
Tables,
graphs and other illustrations in the results section should provide a clear
understanding of representative data obtained from the experiments. Data
include in illustrations and tables should not be extensively discussed in the
text, but significant findings should be noted. When only a few determinations
are presented, they should be treated descriptively in the text. Repetitive
determinations should be presented in tables or graphs.
The
objective of each experiment should be made clear in the text call attention to
special features. Finally, the results should be related to one another.
Frequently, this causes the results section to be combined with discussion
section.
Discussion
The
discussion section interprets data presented in the results section, giving
particular attention to the problem, or hypothesis, presented in the
introduction. A good discussion will contain: (1) Principles, relationships and
generalizations that can be supported by the results. (2) Exceptions, lack of
correlation and definition of unsettled points, gap areas needing further
investigation. (3) Emphasis on results and conclusions that agree or disagree
with other work(s). (4) Practical as well as theoretical implications. (5)
Conclusions, with summary of evidence for each one.
The
discussion section, if not combined with the results section, should not
recapitulate results, but should discuss their meaning. The reader should be
told how the results provide a solution to the problem stated in the
introduction or given as the objective of the work. The work should be
connected with previous work, with an explanation of how and why it differs or
agree. References should be limited to those that are most pertinent. Older
references should be omitted if they have been superseded by more recent ones.
Speculation
is encouraged, but should be reasonable, firmly founded in observation and
subject to tests. Where results differ from previous results for unexplained
reasons, possible explanations should not be laboured.
Controversial
issues should be discussed clearly and fairly. A common fault of discussion
section is a tendency towards too much contemplation of nonessentials. Only
discussion that illuminates significant areas should be presented.
Some
papers may warrant a separate conclusion section, while in other papers it is
desirable to present conclusions as part of the discussion section. The latter
would be a paper of average complexity where conclusions are few. Whether this
section is combined or separate, the author should include any significant
conclusions that have been drawn from the work. These conclusions should be
carefully worded so the readers can identify and understand them.
Acknowledgement
In
this section, the author(s) may wish to thank some research institutions,
companies, or governmental bodies or people who have contributed or financially
supported the research from which the manuscript is derived.
References
The
reference section lists the literature cited in the paper. Authors are
encouraged to cite only published, significant and up-to-date references in
their papers. This section is discussed later in more detail.